{"id":1529,"date":"2024-09-13T15:55:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T13:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/?p=1529"},"modified":"2025-06-04T18:23:02","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T16:23:02","slug":"bezpecnost-technickych-del","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/sk\/bezpecnost-technickych-del\/","title":{"rendered":"5. Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1529\" class=\"elementor elementor-1529\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1794a92 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1794a92\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6881a1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6881a1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bab750 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bab750\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta je pro bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl nutno zva\u017eovat syst\u00e9movou podstatu, jednotliv\u00e9 entity a skute\u010dnost, \u017ee u velk\u00fdch technick\u00fdch d\u011bl jde o slo\u017eit\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, jejich\u017e struktura je pops\u00e1na modelem SoS\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[19]<\/a>. Aktiva ka\u017ed\u00e9 entity jsou: v\u0161echny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, (tj. \u017eivoty, zdrav\u00ed a bezpe\u010d\u00ed lid\u00ed, majetek, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 blaho, \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kritick\u00e9 infrastruktury a technologie\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[2]<\/a>, z\u00e1jmy spojen\u00e9 s pln\u011bn\u00edm \u00fakol\u016f, ke kter\u00fdm byla entita z\u0159\u00edzena); prosperita (zisk); a soulad entity se st\u00e1tem v m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Posledn\u00ed vyjmenovan\u00e1 t\u0159i aktiva jsou typick\u00e1 pro soukrom\u00e9 entity, jako nap\u0159. pro syst\u00e9m provozuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu.<\/p><p>Pro \u00faplnost je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st, \u017ee aktiva lidsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jsou strukturn\u00ed elementy a \u017ee vazby a toky energi\u00ed, hmot, informac\u00ed a povel\u016f mezi nimi jsou vytv\u00e1\u0159eny fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi, biologick\u00fdmi, chemick\u00fdmi, spole\u010densk\u00fdmi, soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u010di psychick\u00fdmi z\u00e1konitostmi, kter\u00e9 jsou spojen\u00e9 s hmotnou a energetickou podstatou sv\u011bta, legislativou, financemi, etick\u00fdmi a mor\u00e1ln\u00edmi pravidly, tj. p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed toky v architektu\u0159e sledovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[43]<\/a>.\u00a0<a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000660c673800000000207e0718_1934-1\">1<\/a><\/p><p>(zdroj \u010dl\u00e1nku Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dspace.cvut.cz\/handle\/10467\/98516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Posouzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti vybran\u00e9ho kritick\u00e9ho objektu z pohledu integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a n\u00e1vrh opat\u0159en\u00ed na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kriti\u010dnosti objektu \u2013 Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl (cvut.cz)<\/a>)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a7ba7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1a7ba7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0104c6f8-dall\u00b7e-2024-03-16-15.07.38-revise-the-previously-adjusted-image-to-incorporate-a-simulation-of-an-explosion-within-the-power-plant-model-on-the-table-along-with-the-activation-.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1532\" alt=\"integral safety\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0104c6f8-dall\u00b7e-2024-03-16-15.07.38-revise-the-previously-adjusted-image-to-incorporate-a-simulation-of-an-explosion-within-the-power-plant-model-on-the-table-along-with-the-activation-.webp 1024w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0104c6f8-dall\u00b7e-2024-03-16-15.07.38-revise-the-previously-adjusted-image-to-incorporate-a-simulation-of-an-explosion-within-the-power-plant-model-on-the-table-along-with-the-activation--300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0104c6f8-dall\u00b7e-2024-03-16-15.07.38-revise-the-previously-adjusted-image-to-incorporate-a-simulation-of-an-explosion-within-the-power-plant-model-on-the-table-along-with-the-activation--150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0104c6f8-dall\u00b7e-2024-03-16-15.07.38-revise-the-previously-adjusted-image-to-incorporate-a-simulation-of-an-explosion-within-the-power-plant-model-on-the-table-along-with-the-activation--768x768.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ilustra\u010dn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek generovan\u00fd DALL-E pro tento \u010dl\u00e1nek \u2013 Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-936cfc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"936cfc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2.2.1 Vztah syst\u00e9mu s jeho okol\u00edm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71535d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71535d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V realit\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9m existuje v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho kontextu nebo okol\u00ed a ze vztahu mezi syst\u00e9mem a okol\u00edm vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee vlastnosti okol\u00ed se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ve vlastnostech syst\u00e9mu. Proto nap\u0159. se Bossel<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[44]<\/a><sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"2\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000660c673800000000207e0718_1934\"><a role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000660c673800000000207e0718_1934-2\">2<\/a><\/sup>zab\u00fdval uvedenou skute\u010dnost\u00ed a uk\u00e1zal z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastnosti syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9 souvis\u00ed s chov\u00e1n\u00edm okol\u00ed syst\u00e9mu. Tabulka 2 shrnuje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong><em>Stav okol\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td><strong><em>Vlastnosti syst\u00e9mu reaguj\u00edc\u00ed na stav okol\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Norm\u00e1ln\u00ed stav<br \/>(rovnov\u00e1ha)<\/td><td>Existence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nedostatek zdroj\u016f<\/td><td>Efektivnost \u2013 syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouhodob\u011b efektivn\u00ed, ne nutn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd, v zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed nedostatkov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f z prost\u0159ed\u00ed, na n\u011b\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rozmanitost proces\u016f<\/td><td>Volnost akc\u00ed \u2013 syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby zvl\u00e1dat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a podn\u011bty z okol\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prom\u011bnlivost<\/td><td>Bezpe\u010d\u00ed \u2013 syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen se ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi vlivy z\u00a0okol\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zm\u011bny<\/td><td>P\u0159izp\u016fsobivost \u2013 syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen adaptace na zm\u011bny<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jin\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v okol\u00ed<\/td><td>Koexistence \u2013 syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen zm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed tak, aby reagoval na chov\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v okol\u00ed; tj. nesm\u00ed je ohro\u017eovat a ony nesm\u00ed ohro\u017eovat jeho<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka 2 Souvislosti mezi chov\u00e1n\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a stavem okol\u00ed \u2013 Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl; dle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[44]<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dd17f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7dd17f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2.2.2 Bezpe\u010dnost a rizika technick\u00fdch d\u011bl<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5269fb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5269fb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m pojet\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9m na dokumentu OSN z r. 1994\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0je soubor opat\u0159en\u00ed a \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, aby zajistil sv\u00e9 bezpe\u010d\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj. V uveden\u00e9m pojet\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost zahrnuje jak funk\u010dnost, tak spolehlivost.<\/p><p>Anal\u00fdza a synt\u00e9za poznatk\u016f a zku\u0161enost\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v odborn\u00fdch publikac\u00edch, shrnut\u00e1 v knize<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[6]<\/a>\u00a0ukazuje, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnost dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (v integr\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu) lze naplnit jen tehdy, kdy\u017e se p\u0159i jej\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: zva\u017euj\u00ed v\u0161echna v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 aktiva; pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed v kontextu teorie syst\u00e9mu; a dr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed syst\u00e9m prov\u00e1d\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti tak, aby nezp\u016fsobovaly jevy, kter\u00e9 by vedly k desintegraci a\u017e rozpadu dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, anebo a\u017e cel\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, tj. i jej\u00edho okol\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy c\u00edl je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout jen tehdy, kdy\u017e technick\u00e9 d\u00edlo:<\/p><p>\u2022 zn\u00e1 a zva\u017euje v\u0161echna mo\u017en\u00e1 rizika v detailech i souvislostech (tzv. All Hazard Approach v p\u0159edstav\u011b zpracovan\u00e9 pro Evropu v r\u00e1mci projektu FOCUS\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[45]<\/a>,<\/p><p>\u2022 m\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u011b nastaven\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik.<\/p><p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed rizik slo\u017eit\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9, proto\u017ee jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed a stav jsou ovlivn\u011bny procesy a jevy, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 i vn\u011b syst\u00e9mu, a nav\u00edc jejich dopady se modifikuj\u00ed spletitou s\u00edt\u00ed vazeb a tok\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou uvnit\u0159 podsyst\u00e9m\u016f, nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d podsyst\u00e9m\u016f, nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu i v okol\u00ed. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed rizik proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt komplexn\u00ed a jeho priority mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zam\u011b\u0159eny na bezpe\u010d\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj entity\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d22df06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d22df06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2.2.3 Charakteristika syst\u00e9m\u016f (pro bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91ce45a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91ce45a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ze sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f a zp\u016fsob\u016f jejich ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (dle zdroj\u016f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[6,17,27]<\/a>\u00a0a v prac\u00edch v nich citovan\u00fdch), z vlastn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu v oblasti fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch a geov\u011bdn\u00edch discipl\u00edn a ze zku\u0161enost\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f spojen\u00fdch s um\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm, projektov\u00e1n\u00edm a provozem d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch objekt\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee celistvou charakteristiku ka\u017ed\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu dostaneme, kdy\u017e vytvo\u0159\u00edme:<\/p><ol><li>Morfologick\u00fd popis syst\u00e9mu, tj. popis souboru prvk\u016f syst\u00e9mu a vnit\u0159n\u00edch vazeb mezi prvky.<\/li><li>Popis souboru sp\u0159a\u017een\u00ed (angl. Couplings) prvk\u016f syst\u00e9mu, po kter\u00fdch prob\u00edhaj\u00ed toky energi\u00ed, hmot, informac\u00ed, pen\u011bz a pokyn\u016f (jako lidsk\u00fdch instrukc\u00ed pro realizaci opat\u0159en\u00ed a \u010dinnost\u00ed) mezi prvky bu\u010f v\u017edy, nebo jen za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee tato sp\u0159a\u017een\u00ed na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed jist\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed procesy v syst\u00e9mu, tj. jist\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed a podm\u00ednky v syst\u00e9mu, a na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch jev\u016f, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. kask\u00e1dovit\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed poruch v syst\u00e9mu, vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed slab\u00fdch m\u00edst syst\u00e9mu apod.<\/li><li>Popis souboru odezev na dynamick\u00e9 procesy prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu a v jeho okol\u00ed, tj. mo\u017en\u00e9 typy chov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobem ur\u010dit\u00fd proces v syst\u00e9mu nebo jeho okol\u00ed \u2013 ur\u010dit\u00e1 odezva syst\u00e9mu.<\/li><li>Popis souboru ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00fdmi za o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch podm\u00ednek dos\u00e1hneme \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159i neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch (abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch a zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kritick\u00fdch) zajist\u00edme, aby selh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu nevedlo k degradaci a\u017e rozpadu syst\u00e9mu, tj. v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lidsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zajist\u00edme za kritick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed lid\u00ed a kontinuitu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed v \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/li><\/ol><p>D\u016fkladnou znalost\u00ed a pochopen\u00ed polo\u017eek, na kter\u00e9 jsme v\u00fd\u0161e soust\u0159edili pozornost, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme schopnost \u010dlov\u011bka v oblasti zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch mechanism\u016f p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed vazby v syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed technick\u00e9ho d\u00edla jsou zalo\u017eeny v jeho projektu a v provozn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech. Sp\u0159a\u017een\u00ed, soubory odezev na dynamick\u00e9 procesy v technick\u00e9m d\u00edle a jeho okol\u00ed i soubory ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00fdmi \u010dlov\u011bk usm\u011br\u0148uje v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed technick\u00e9ho d\u00edla, jsou pak ur\u010den\u00e9 jak p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi, tak ekonomick\u00fdmi, technick\u00fdmi, finan\u010dn\u00edmi, spole\u010densk\u00fdmi a soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1konitostmi, z nich\u017e jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou kodifikov\u00e1ny platnou legislativou.<\/p><p>Pro podporu \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch sp\u0159a\u017een\u00ed, odezev a ovl\u00e1dac\u00edch mechanism\u016f byly na z\u00e1klad\u011b znalost\u00ed a zku\u0161enost\u00ed vytvo\u0159eny jist\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro podporu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[6,22]<\/a>, z nich\u017e nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou:<\/p><ul><li>\u2022 zlat\u00e1 pravidla bezpe\u010dnosti (angl. Golden Rules for Safety),<\/li><li>\u2022 kultura bezpe\u010dnosti (angl. Safety Culture),<\/li><li>\u2022 program na zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti (angl. Safety Performance Indicator Programme),<\/li><li>\u2022 indik\u00e1tory \/ ukazatel\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti (angl. Safety Performance Indicators).<\/li><\/ul><p>Uveden\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje jsou souhrnn\u011b pops\u00e1ny v pr\u00e1ci\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[6]<\/a>. Z pohledu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed do n\u00e1stroj\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed i systematick\u00e1 aplikace \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed znalost\u00ed (angl. Knowledge Management) a p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (angl. Friendly Management) lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[6]<\/a>.<br \/>V oblasti technologick\u00e9 m\u00e1 dominantn\u00ed roli pro bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl vlastn\u00edk \/ majitel licence, proto\u017ee on m\u00e1 znalosti a mo\u017enosti pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a kvalitn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed technologick\u00fdch pohrom, ale celkov\u011b m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed vlastn\u00edky donutit k tomu, aby ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu zaji\u0161\u0165ovali mo\u017enou \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti aplikac\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch princip\u016f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[6,27,46]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta je pro bezpe\u010dnost technick\u00fdch d\u011bl nutno zva\u017eovat syst\u00e9movou [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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