{"id":1558,"date":"2024-09-17T15:30:47","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T13:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/?p=1558"},"modified":"2025-06-04T18:19:43","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T16:19:43","slug":"data-o-provozu-metra-v-praze-a-jeho-ridicich-systemu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/data-o-provozu-metra-v-praze-a-jeho-ridicich-systemu\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Data o provozu metra v\u00a0Praze a jeho \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1558\" class=\"elementor elementor-1558\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e89fc1d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e89fc1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-334e5d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"334e5d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Data o provozu metra v Praze a jeho \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf91dab elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf91dab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/d18673f4-metro-praha-750x350-1-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1559\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/d18673f4-metro-praha-750x350-1-1.webp 750w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/d18673f4-metro-praha-750x350-1-1-300x140.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32f8dee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32f8dee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Data o provozu metra \u2013 Pra\u017esk\u00e9 metro je velk\u00fd komplexn\u00ed, tzn. velmi slo\u017eit\u00fd, syst\u00e9m. Ka\u017ed\u00fd slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika subsyst\u00e9m\u016f, vazeb a tok\u016f mezi nimi. Subsyst\u00e9my lze d\u011blit z hlediska \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 a \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed jsou syst\u00e9my zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed funkce, tj. zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed rizika, anebo pln\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou funkci, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdpadek nebo \u0161patn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed vede k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rizika nebo p\u0159\u00edmo k\u00a0nehod\u011b<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4]<\/a>. Syst\u00e9m pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra lze obecn\u011b rozd\u011blit na samostatn\u00e9 provozn\u00ed subsyst\u00e9my (stanice, vlaky, infrastruktura), \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my (vozov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, dispe\u010dersk\u00e1 ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed centra, sd\u011blovac\u00ed technika) a syst\u00e9my zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed dopady p\u0159i realizace rizik (zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, n\u00e1v\u011bstidla, automatick\u00e1 stav\u011bdla).<\/p><p>Obr\u00e1zek 10 popisuje vztahy mezi \u0159\u00eddic\u00edmi, zabezpe\u010dovac\u00edmi a \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed syst\u00e9my a mohou zp\u016fsobit vnit\u0159n\u00ed chyby syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem. Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f se mezi \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my instaluj\u00ed syst\u00e9my zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed, pln\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u011b relevantn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vstup\u016f \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f nebo identifikuj\u00ed nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 poruchy syst\u00e9mu \u010di nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy a vykonaj\u00ed svoj\u00ed funkci tak, aby \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd syst\u00e9m uvedli do bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu, tj. stavu v kter\u00e9 neohroz\u00ed sebe ani sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2673f7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2673f7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"733\" height=\"243\" src=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0dbeac7d-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1561\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0dbeac7d-image.png 733w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/0dbeac7d-image-300x99.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr\u00e1zek 10. Sch\u00e9ma \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra [4].<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd72c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd72c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed metra, tak jako i jin\u00e9 syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 kolejov\u00e9 dopravy, jsou syst\u00e9mem distribuovan\u00fdm.\u00a0<strong><em>Distribuovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0jsou slo\u017eeny ze subsyst\u00e9m\u016f (uzl\u016f), kter\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed dan\u00e9 funkce samostatn\u011b bez vazby na druh\u00e9, ale jejich propojen\u00edm lze plnit jin\u00e9 funkce na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00edch. Subsyst\u00e9my distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f tedy vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 funkce samostatn\u011b a jin\u00e9 funkce a\u017e po propojen\u00ed v\u00edce subsyst\u00e9m\u016f (uzl\u016f), \u010d\u00edm\u017e dostaneme komplexn\u00ed distribuovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m se vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdmi z\u00e1vislostmi\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Bez ohledu na vykon\u00e1vanou funkci, lze subsyst\u00e9my metra d\u00e1le rozd\u011blit do kategori\u00ed:<\/p><ul><li>stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my \u2013 tra\u0165ov\u00e9, stani\u010dn\u00ed a dispe\u010dersk\u00e9,<\/li><li>mobiln\u00ed syst\u00e9my \u2013 vlaky a jejich za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul><p>D\u00e1le uveden\u00fd popis pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0pr\u00e1ce\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8745eea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8745eea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3.1      Pra\u017esk\u00e9 metro jako \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-007af7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"007af7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra pln\u00ed dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce \u2013 dopravn\u00ed a ochrannou. Ochrann\u00e1 funkce sni\u017euje dopady pohrom. Dopravn\u00ed funkce je \u0159\u00edzena ze st\u0159ediska pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 dopravy, ze kter\u00e9ho vych\u00e1z\u00ed po\u017eadavky v podob\u011b j\u00edzdn\u00edch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f a po\u017eadavk\u016f na kvalitu provozu. Uveden\u00e9 po\u017eadavky jsou pln\u011bny \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my, tj. infrastrukturou (dopravn\u00edmi cestami a stanicemi), dopravn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky a n\u00e1vazn\u00fdmi pomocn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my.<\/p><p>S\u00ed\u0165 metra tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159 cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu MHD v Praze. Cestuj\u00edc\u00ed mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat 61 stanic na t\u0159ech link\u00e1ch A, B, a C, jejich\u017e d\u00e9lka \u010din\u00ed cca 65 km<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4,11]<\/a>. Doprava je vedena na trati um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v tunelu, odd\u011blen\u00e9ho od okoln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pouze v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch v oblasti depa je provoz vlaku ve venkovn\u00edm prostoru. Tra\u0165 je fyzicky odd\u011blen\u00e1 od okoln\u00ed infrastruktury a neumo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 napojen\u00ed jin\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f m\u011bstsk\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edm\u011bstsk\u00e9 dopravy (vlaky p\u0159\u00edm\u011bstsk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy).<\/p><p>Vozov\u00fd park \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 dle zdroje\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0cca 730 vozidel, rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch ve 3 depech: Ka\u010derov, Zli\u010d\u00edn a Hostiva\u0159. V pra\u017esk\u00e9m metru se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy voz\u016f spojovan\u00fdch do p\u011btivozov\u00fdch souprav. Vozy typu M1 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed provoz na lince C a jsou vypravov\u00e1ny z depa Ka\u010derov. Druh\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd typ, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed provoz linek A B, nese ozna\u010den\u00ed 81-71M a jedn\u00e1 se o vozy vznikl\u00e9 rekonstrukc\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch voz\u016f typu 81-71<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/,\">\u00a0[4,11]<\/a>. Rozlo\u017een\u00ed tras metra je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno v map\u011b na obr\u00e1zku 11.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbb70b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dcbb70b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"759\" height=\"623\" src=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/983edd0b-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1563\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/983edd0b-image.png 759w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/983edd0b-image-300x246.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr\u00e1zek 11. Metro Praha \u2013 mapa linek [11].<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bef3fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3bef3fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-650ce25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"650ce25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Technologie \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu tvo\u0159\u00ed samostatn\u00e9 jednotky, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed nebo podp\u016frn\u00e9 funkce provozu. P\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 jednotky jsou ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 (\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9) z m\u00edsta na ovl\u00e1dac\u00edm pultu jednotky (tzv. m\u00edstn\u00ed ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed) nebo ze vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho, centralizovan\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1dac\u00edho st\u0159ediska. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 st\u0159ediska jsou bu\u010f um\u00edst\u011bna v technologick\u00fdch m\u00edstnostech stanic, nebo na centr\u00e1ln\u00edm dispe\u010dinku metra. Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee do technologick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti pat\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed a zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my metra, ale pro \u00fa\u010dely p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce jsou \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed a zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my rozd\u011bleny do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch kategori\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4]<\/a>. Technologick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my metra dle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4,72]<\/a>\u00a0zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p><ul><li><strong><em>energetick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>m\u011bn\u00edrny a distribu\u010dn\u00ed transformovny (trasy stanice metra jsou nap\u00e1jeny n\u011bkolika nap\u00e1jec\u00edmi zdroji 22 kV, ka\u017ed\u00e1 stanice m\u00e1 nav\u00edc sv\u016fj z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed zdroj UPS pro p\u0159\u00edpad v\u00fdpadku elektrick\u00e9 energie, zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed a \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zdroje),<\/li><li><strong><em>zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(stani\u010dn\u00ed, tra\u0165ov\u00e9 a jejich nap\u00e1jen\u00ed),<\/li><li><strong><em>sd\u011blovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>sd\u011blovac\u00ed kabely,<\/li><li>VKV spojen\u00ed s vlaky,<\/li><li>za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro automatick\u00e9 odbavov\u00e1n\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00edch,<\/li><li>za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 televize, telefonn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, rozhlasov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,<\/li><li>hodinov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, elektrickou po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed signalizaci,<\/li><li>elektrickou zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed signalizaci,<\/li><li><strong><em>strojn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>pohybliv\u00e9 schody ve stanic\u00edch,<\/li><li>\u010derpac\u00ed stanice ve stanic\u00edch a mezistani\u010dn\u00edch \u00fasec\u00edch,<\/li><li>v\u00fdtahy ve stanic\u00edch,<\/li><li>d\u00edlny a sklady \u00fadr\u017eby ve stanic\u00edch,<\/li><li><strong><em>vzduchotechnick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>hlavn\u00ed v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed,<\/li><li>stani\u010dn\u00ed vzduchotechnika,<\/li><li><strong><em>ASD\u0158 \u2013 automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><em>mobiln\u00ed stroje a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>vozov\u00fd park,<\/li><li>za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a prost\u0159edky pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadu, kter\u00e1 zahrnuj\u00ed myc\u00ed a zametac\u00ed voz\u00edky, kontejnery na odpad a soustavu \u017eeb\u0159\u00edk\u016f a le\u0161en\u00ed pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed osv\u011btlovac\u00ed techniky,<\/li><li>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 prost\u0159edky po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 ve stanic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rychl\u00fd z\u00e1sah p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru v podzemn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aab9c33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aab9c33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3.2      Zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df7dc45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df7dc45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edm provozu, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v provozu metra zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz vlak\u016f na trati. Jejich hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je sn\u00ed\u017eit realizace rizik spojen\u00fdch s nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou rychlost\u00ed vlaku, \u0161patn\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm j\u00edzdn\u00ed cesty (obrana proti st\u0159etu vlak\u016f) a podobn\u011b. Zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se d\u011bl\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skupin<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4]<\/a>:<\/p><ul><li>stani\u010dn\u00ed zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (SZZ),<\/li><li>tra\u0165ov\u00e1 zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,<\/li><li>vlakov\u00e1 zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (VZZ).<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00da\u010delem\u00a0<strong><em>stani\u010dn\u00edch zabezpe\u010dovac\u00edch<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<strong><em>za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0je zabezpe\u010den\u00ed vlakov\u00fdch j\u00edzdn\u00edch cest tak, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo st\u0159etu vlak\u016f, tj. aby se zajistil bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fjezd navolenou j\u00edzdn\u00ed cestou. V pra\u017esk\u00e9m metru se provozuje rel\u00e9ov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed A\u017dD 71 p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pro provoz metra. V nov\u00fdch stanic\u00edch a ve vybran\u00fdch stanic\u00edch metra s kolejov\u00fdm v\u011btven\u00edm se provozuje elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (SZZ) typu ESA 11 M s napojen\u00edm na rel\u00e9ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve vybran\u00e9 typov\u00e9 stanici je instalov\u00e1no za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ESA 11 M, kter\u00e9 se ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 bu\u010f m\u00edstn\u011b z ovl\u00e1dac\u00edho PC za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nouzov\u011b z nouzov\u00e9ho panelu, vzd\u00e1len\u011b na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ASD\u0158-D ve stanici pracovn\u00edkem SPT (samostatn\u00fd provozn\u00ed technik) nebo pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ASD\u0158-D na pracovi\u0161ti vlakov\u00e9ho dispe\u010dera z centr\u00e1ln\u00edho dispe\u010dinku. Stani\u010dn\u00ed nebo tra\u0165ov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duje angl. Interlocking\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong><em>Tra\u0165ov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<strong><em>za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0zabezpe\u010duje j\u00edzdu n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch vlak\u016f a vylu\u010duje j\u00edzdu protism\u011brn\u00fdch vlak\u016f na jedn\u00e9 koleji. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra provozovan\u00e9 rel\u00e9ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed A\u017dD 71 a ESA 11 M<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4]<\/a>.<\/p><p><strong><em>Vlakov\u00e1 zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0zabezpe\u010duje p\u0159\u00edjem n\u00e1v\u011bstn\u00edch znak\u016f hlavn\u00edch n\u00e1v\u011bstidel a n\u00e1v\u011bstidel autobloku na vlak a samo\u010dinn\u00e9 zabrzd\u011bn\u00ed vlaku, jestli\u017ee strojvedouc\u00ed nereaguje na n\u00e1v\u011bst na\u0159izuj\u00edc\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychlosti nebo zastaven\u00ed. V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pojet\u00ed jsou VZZ sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ATC (Automatic Train Control), kter\u00e1 se d\u011bl\u00ed na \u010d\u00e1sti ATP (Automatic Train Protection) a ATO (Automatic Train Operation)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4,71,73]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Syst\u00e9m ATP je um\u00edstn\u011bn\u00fd ve stanici a na trati, kter\u00fd zas\u00edl\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy do mobiln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti ATP na vlaku. Vlak p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 data p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 a pomoc\u00ed jednotky ATP zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace, vyhodnocuje je a prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 operace. Mobiln\u00ed jednotka ATP spolupracuje s jednotkou ATO, kter\u00e1 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 j\u00edzdu vlaku, zaji\u0161\u0165uje tzv. automatick\u00e9 veden\u00ed vlaku podle re\u017eimu, na kter\u00fd je re\u017eim j\u00edzdy vlaku nastaven. V pln\u011b automatick\u00e9m re\u017eimu, jednotka ATO ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 rozjezdy a plynulou j\u00edzdu.<\/p><p>\u010casto jednotka ATO vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 funkcemi vlaku, jako je automatick\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed a podobn\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00edho provozu metra, syst\u00e9m prov\u00e1d\u00ed pouze bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed povolen\u00e9 rychlosti (udan\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00edm profilem, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 strojvedouc\u00edm nebo vzd\u00e1len\u011b jin\u00fdm pracovn\u00edkem skrze syst\u00e9m ATP a podobn\u011b).<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00edmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi funkcemi syst\u00e9mu je nap\u0159\u00edklad povolen\u00ed pr\u016fjezdu vlaku stanic\u00ed, povolen\u00ed odjezdu vlaku ze stanice a ru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit tak\u00e9 k p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed zpr\u00e1v do vlaku s informac\u00ed o \u010d\u00edsle vlaku nebo dokonce i s informacemi o j\u00edzdn\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dech a podobn\u011b<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4,71,73]<\/a>. V pra\u017esk\u00e9m metru se provozuj\u00ed t\u0159i syst\u00e9my VZZ, tj. za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed LZA, ARS a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed MATRA [4].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c5829f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9c5829f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3.3      \u0158\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m metra a UGTMS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e74250f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e74250f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0158\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra nesou n\u00e1zev ASD\u0158, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m dopravn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Z hlediska evropsk\u00fdch norem se nejedn\u00e1 o zcela p\u0159esn\u00fd n\u00e1zev, ale je ji\u017e v\u00a0provozu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra \u0159adu let zaveden. Dispe\u010dersk\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b jsou um\u00edst\u011bna na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch pro ka\u017edou trasu metra A, B a C zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4]<\/a>:<\/p><ul><li>ASD\u0158-D vlakov\u00e9ho dispe\u010dera (pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provozu),<\/li><li>ASD\u0158-E energetick\u00fd dispe\u010der,<\/li><li>ASD\u0158-T technologick\u00fd dispe\u010dink,<\/li><li>ASD\u0158-O syst\u00e9m osv\u011btlen\u00ed,<\/li><li>dispe\u010dink sd\u011blovac\u00ed a zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed,<\/li><li>dispe\u010dink hasi\u010d\u016f,<\/li><li>dispe\u010dink depa se spr\u00e1vou vozov\u00e9ho parku.<\/li><\/ul><p>Z hlediska \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provozu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m ASD\u0158-D, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed automatick\u00fdch ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch funkc\u00ed technologi\u00ed a zabezpe\u010dovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro SZZ syst\u00e9m ASD\u0158-D prov\u00e1d\u00ed automatick\u00e9 stav\u011bn\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00edch cest, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b zvolen\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku a konce cesty syst\u00e9m ASD\u0158-D vygeneruje sled p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f pro postaven\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed cesty<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed funkc\u00ed ASD\u0158-D jsou vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed a zabezpe\u010dovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, zde jde o bezpe\u010dnostn\u011b relevantn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy, kter\u00e9 pln\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed funkce, proto\u017ee chybn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed procesu m\u016f\u017ee zap\u0159\u00ed\u010dinit nehodu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p><ul><li>chybn\u00e1 volba rychlostn\u00edho stupn\u011b vlaku nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd \u010di neproveden\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz STOP m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit nehodu, bu\u010f sr\u00e1\u017eku vlaku s osobou anebo vykolejen\u00ed a podobn\u011b,<\/li><li>\u0161patn\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00edm ve stanici v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo jin\u00fdch mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit paniku, zran\u011bn\u00ed \u010di ztr\u00e1ty na \u017eivotech, tj. ovlivnit bezpe\u010dnost.<\/li><\/ul><p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budouc\u00edho rozvoje metra a po\u017eadavku na automatizovan\u00fd provoz budou po\u017eadavky na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed funkce syst\u00e9mu ASD\u0158 vzr\u016fstat, jak je vid\u011bt z funkc\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9mu dopravy dle evropsk\u00e9ho standardu EN 62290<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[74]<\/a>, popsan\u00e9ho d\u00e1le.<\/p><p>Syst\u00e9my pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edm\u011bstsk\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy (angl. Urban Guided Transport Management and Command\/Control System \u2013 UGTMS) jsou definov\u00e1ny normou EN 62290\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[74]<\/a>. Norma je rozd\u011blena do t\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st definuje stupn\u011b automatizace \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, takzvan\u00e9 GOA (angl. Goal Of Automation) a stanovuje obecn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st normy obsahuje seznam povinn\u00fdch a voliteln\u00fdch funk\u010dn\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m UGTMS spl\u0148ovat. \u010c\u00e1st t\u0159et\u00ed obsahuje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na syst\u00e9m.<\/p><p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pln\u011b automatizovan\u00e9ho provozu, bez strojvedouc\u00edho nebo bez obsluhy, jsou specifikovan\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na syst\u00e9m v norm\u011b EN 62267\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[75]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu ASD\u0158 lze provoz pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra za\u0159adit ke GOA 2, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 polo-automatizovan\u00fd provoz. popisuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce UGTMS a rozd\u011blen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a elektronick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem dle stanoven\u00e9ho GOA.<\/p><p><a>Tabulka\u00a0<\/a>5 Stupn\u011b automatizace UGTMS dle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[74]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e6f281 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e6f281\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7a836363-image-728x1024.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1564\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7a836363-image-728x1024.png 728w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7a836363-image-213x300.png 213w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7a836363-image-768x1080.png 768w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/7a836363-image.png 913w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f672240 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f672240\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tabulka 6 obsahuje po\u017eadavky na rozhran\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, tj. rozd\u011bluje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce syst\u00e9mu podle dan\u00e9 stupn\u011b automatizace. Jestli\u017ee pra\u017esk\u00e9 metro definujeme jako syst\u00e9m re\u017eimu GOA2 dle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[74]<\/a>, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed plnit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pohybu vlak\u016f, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vlaku. Dal\u0161\u00ed funkce mohou plnit jin\u00e9 nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 subsyst\u00e9my. \u00a0Dle normy EN 62290 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt syst\u00e9m UGTMS (tj. ASD\u0158-D) schopen tvo\u0159it rozhran\u00ed se subsyst\u00e9my uveden\u00fdmi v p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 norm\u011b, pokud jsou pou\u017eity. Tabulka 6 popisuje rozhran\u00ed, prost\u0159ed\u00ed a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 hranice v souladu se zmi\u0148ovanou normou\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[74]<\/a>\u00a0a srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 je s re\u00e1ln\u00fdm stavem provozu Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra; detaily jsou v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4]<\/a>.<\/p><p><a>Tabulka\u00a0<\/a>6 Po\u017eadavky na rozhran\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f2667e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f2667e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong><em>Legenda tabulky:<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Tu\u010dn\u011b<\/strong>\u00a0vyzna\u010den\u00e9 polo\u017eky jsou v\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny a jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (ASD\u0158-D).\u00a0<em>Kurz\u00edvou<\/em>\u00a0jsou ozna\u010deny polo\u017eky, na kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m n\u00e1vaznosti.\u00a0<s>P\u0159e\u0161krtnut\u00e9<\/s>\u00a0funkce \u010di subsyst\u00e9my nejsou pro provoz pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra uva\u017eov\u00e1ny.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\"><strong>ASD\u0158-D (UGTMS)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Provozn\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Tra\u0165ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (zahrnuje bodov\u00fd p\u0159enos mezi kolej\u00ed a vlakem)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Vlakov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (zahrnuje lokalizaci, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rychlosti a \u010dasu)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Syst\u00e9m datov\u00e9 komunikace (zahrnuje datovou komunikaci tra\u0165ov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, komunikaci mezi tra\u0165ov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm a vlakov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed s\u00a0person\u00e1lem<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>M\u00edstn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed s\u00a0person\u00e1lem<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Tra\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (nap\u0159. v\u00fdhybky, n\u00e1v\u011bst\u00ed a n\u00e1v\u011bstidla, kolejov\u00e9 obvody, \u010d\u00edta\u010de n\u00e1prav, tra\u0165ov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kontroluj\u00edc\u00ed rychlost, sousedn\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159ediska, automatick\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed, p\u0159ejezdy)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed uz\u00e1vorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my komunikace<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Zvukov\u00e1 komunikace (nap\u0159. komunikace s\u00a0person\u00e1lem, s cestuj\u00edc\u00edmi)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"8\"><strong>Stanice<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Pomocn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (nap\u0159. v\u00fdtahy\/eskal\u00e1tory)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Detekce ohn\u011b\/ochrana proti ohni<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Detekce naru\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1stupi\u0161t\u011b\/trat\u011b (nap\u0159. cestuj\u00edc\u00ed na kolej\u00edch)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><s>Dve\u0159e n\u00e1stupi\u0161t\u011b a\/nebo dve\u0159e na konci n\u00e1stupi\u0161t\u011b<\/s><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Rozhran\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi (nap\u0159. nouzov\u00e9 rukojeti, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nouzov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro detekce\/uzav\u0159en\u00ed nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho prostoru, odbavovac\u00ed tla\u010d\u00edtko\/vlak p\u0159ipraven k odjezdu)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed CCTV<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Informace pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed na trati<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Zvukov\u00e1 komunikace<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"12\"><strong>Vlak<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Dve\u0159e, pohon, brzdy, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed propojuj\u00edc\u00ed vlak (nap\u0159. elektrick\u00e9 mezi vozidlov\u00e9 propojky)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rozhran\u00ed s person\u00e1lem obsluhy vlaku<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro detekci p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek, vykolejen\u00ed, ohn\u011b\/kou\u0159e<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Detekce nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho prostoru, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho prostoru<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Rukoje\u0165 pro nouzov\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed uvoln\u011bn\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed\/nouzov\u00e9 tla\u010d\u00edtko<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Rozhran\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi (nap\u0159. s\u00a0osv\u011btlen\u00edm, vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00edm, v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00edm, klimatizac\u00ed (HVAC), bateri\u00ed)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Diagnostika vlaku (pro \u00fadr\u017ebu)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Stav vlaku (z hlediska zp\u016fsobilosti k provozu)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><s>Vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00e9ho (informace o lokalizaci)<\/s><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed CTTV<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Informace pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed ve vlaku<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Zvukov\u00e1 komunikace<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"4\"><strong>Infrastruktura<\/strong><\/td><td><em>Kolej (nap\u0159. detekce zlomen\u00e9 kolejnice)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>V\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed tunelu (nap\u0159\u00edklad detekce ohn\u011b a kou\u0159e)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Syst\u00e9m detekce naru\u0161en\u00ed<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Rozhran\u00ed s\u00a0jin\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi (nap\u0159. tlakov\u00fdmi uz\u00e1v\u011bry)<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>Trak\u010dn\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed trak\u010dn\u00edho nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>Vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd vyp\u00edna\u010d<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00dadr\u017eba<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Syst\u00e9m \u00fadr\u017eby<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><p>Funkce pro automatick\u00e9 vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00e9ho s lokalizac\u00ed a n\u00e1stupi\u0161tn\u00ed dve\u0159e uveden\u00e9 v tabulce nejsou v syst\u00e9mu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra zat\u00edm instalovan\u00e9, nicm\u00e9n\u011b v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edho rozvoje (nap\u0159\u00edklad pro pl\u00e1novanou trasu D, kter\u00e9 c\u00edl\u00ed na GOA 4) je nutn\u00e9 uveden\u00e9 funkce a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed dle EN 62267\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[75]\u00a0<\/a>zva\u017eovat.<\/p><p><em>viz tak\u00e9:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iec.ch\/basecamp\/smart-train-metro-and-tramway-systems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Smart train, metro and tramway systems | IEC<\/a><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68cc60f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"68cc60f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4.4      P\u0159enosov\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu metra a UGTMS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-313f276 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"313f276\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Obecn\u00fd popis syst\u00e9mu metra vych\u00e1z\u00ed z popisu syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra ASD\u0158\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4]<\/a>, a evropsk\u00e9ho standardu pro definici funkc\u00ed a parametr\u016f \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 kolejov\u00e9 dopravy<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[74]<\/a>, tj. syst\u00e9m UGTMS. Z technick\u00e9ho \u00fahlu pohledu m\u016f\u017eeme syt\u00e9m metra rozd\u011blit na syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 a ochrann\u00e9 \u010di zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vazby a n\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 vstupy a v\u00fdstupy, jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e. Vstupem syst\u00e9mu jsou informace z procesu pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu, tj. pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 j\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy, rozpisy slu\u017eeb a podobn\u011b. V\u00fdstupem syst\u00e9mu je zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu v po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kvalit\u011b a v re\u017eimu dopravn\u00edm a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dopad\u016f pohrom v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b re\u017eimu ochrann\u00e9m\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Tabulka 7 obsahuje obecn\u00fd syst\u00e9m metra dle<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[4]<\/a>\u00a0a obsahuje p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed blok\u016f a rozhran\u00ed syst\u00e9mu (technick\u00fdch a funk\u010dn\u00edch) dle UGTMS, v n\u00e1vaznosti na obr\u00e1zek 10, tabulku 6, a dle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[63]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Tabulka 7 Obecn\u00fd model syst\u00e9mu metra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ec18db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ec18db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Oblast<\/strong><\/td><td><strong><em>Vstupy<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td><strong><em>V\u00fdstupy<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>\u0158\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy, pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed provozu, \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd syst\u00e9m METRO<\/td><td>zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd syst\u00e9m METRO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>Zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/td><td>\u0158\u00edzen\u00fd syt\u00e9m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><em>\u0158\u00edzen\u00fd syst\u00e9m METRO<\/em><\/strong><\/td><td>vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy, zabezpe\u010dovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m,<br \/>\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/td><td>\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m,<br \/>kvalita provozu a dopravn\u00ed v\u00fdkon,<br \/>sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dopad\u016f pohrom<br \/>(ochrann\u00e1 funkce metra)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><p>Uveden\u00e9 funkce a \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed dle UGTMS slou\u017e\u00ed pro vysoko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 zad\u00e1vac\u00ed po\u017eadavky na syst\u00e9m. Neposkytuj\u00ed v\u0161ak detailn\u00ed popis vazeb funkc\u00ed, parametr\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch subsyst\u00e9m\u016f, n\u00e1rok\u016f na bezpe\u010dnost a kvalitu. Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 vlastnosti je nutn\u00e9 v\u017edy specifikovat dle lok\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f a podm\u00ednek n\u00e1vazn\u00fdch a nad\u0159azen\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b vazeb na povrchovou dopravu, geologick\u00fdch a klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, m\u00edry ohro\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech relevantn\u00edch pohrom apod.<\/p><p>D\u00e1le se vymez\u00edme p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na po\u017eadavky a vlastnosti j\u00e1dra syst\u00e9mu UGTMS, kter\u00e9 je kritickou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jeho rozhran\u00ed, tj.:<\/p><ul><li>provozn\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,<\/li><li>tra\u0165ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (zahrnuje bodov\u00fd p\u0159enos mezi kolej\u00ed a vlakem),<\/li><li>vlakov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (zahrnuje lokalizaci, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rychlosti a \u010dasu),<\/li><li>syst\u00e9m datov\u00e9 komunikace (zahrnuje datovou komunikaci tra\u0165ov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s provozn\u00edm \u0159\u00eddic\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, komunikaci mezi tra\u0165ov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm a vlakov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm).<\/li><\/ul><p>Obr\u00e1zek 12 popisuje vztah mezi teori\u00ed (odstavce 2.4.5 a 3.3), tj. obecn\u00fdm popisem syst\u00e9mu a re\u00e1ln\u00fdm stavem dle<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-733c6bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"733c6bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"915\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/b3a395eb-image.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1565\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/b3a395eb-image.png 915w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/b3a395eb-image-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/b3a395eb-image-768x347.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 915px) 100vw, 915px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr\u00e1zek 12. Model syst\u00e9mu dle EN 62290 a re\u00e1ln\u00fd stav [10,63,74].<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40d8e07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40d8e07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na lev\u00e9 stran\u011b obr\u00e1zku 12 je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu UGTMS dle \u00farovn\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (provozn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provozu, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vlak\u016f), na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ASD\u0158-D pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dopravy pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra, tj. dispe\u010dersk\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b spojen\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edm kan\u00e1lem s centr\u00e1ln\u00edmi uzly syst\u00e9mu (na t\u00e9to vrstv\u011b jsou zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9 i rozhran\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed technologick\u00e9 \u010di podnikov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my), centr\u00e1ln\u00ed uzly jsou propojen\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed infrastrukturou se stani\u010dn\u00edmi, tra\u0165ov\u00fdmi subsyst\u00e9my. \u010cerven\u00e9 body na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b obr\u00e1zku 11 zna\u010d\u00ed kritick\u00e1 komunika\u010dn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed a p\u0159enosov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed dle\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[63]<\/a>. Ozna\u010den\u00ed Cat. 1-3 znamen\u00e1 kategorii p\u0159enosov\u00e9ho prost\u0159en\u00ed (syst\u00e9mu) dle dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho standardu EN 50159<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[76].<\/a><\/p><p>P\u0159i jist\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e abstrakce lze ke klasifikaci kyber-fyzick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu dle obr\u00e1zku 8 z odstavce 2.4.5 p\u0159i\u0159adit bloky syst\u00e9mu UGTMS a re\u00e1ln\u00e9 prvky \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu ASD\u0158-D pra\u017esk\u00e9ho metra\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[63]<\/a>:<\/p><ul><li>\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed centrum (obr\u00e1zek 8) \u2013 provozn\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed uzly syst\u00e9mu ASD\u0158-D (respektive stani\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed uzly),<\/li><li>syst\u00e9m (obr\u00e1zek 8) \u2013 tra\u0165ov\u00e9 a vlakov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 stani\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a rozhran\u00ed, tra\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 body, vlakov\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed jednotky, vlakov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de,<\/li><li>p\u0159enosov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed A, B (obr\u00e1zek 8) \u2013 syst\u00e9my datov\u00e9 komunikace \u2013 s\u00ed\u0165 dispe\u010dersk\u00e9ho centra, s\u00ed\u0165 stani\u010dn\u00edch a tra\u0165ov\u00fdch uzl\u016f, r\u00e1diov\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-854e303 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"854e303\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3.5      V\u00fdsledky anal\u00fdzy znalost\u00ed a praxe z dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a provozu metra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0962a1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0962a1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v r\u00e1mci magistersk\u00e9ho a doktorsk\u00e9ho studia jsou zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na:<\/p><ul><li>modelov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady (modelov\u00e1 stanice metra)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[1,4,20,77,78]<\/a>,<\/li><li>p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[10,63]<\/a>,<\/li><li>anal\u00fdzy p\u0159\u00ed\u010din a n\u00e1sledk\u016f \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch nehod\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[16,43,73,79,80]<\/a>,<\/li><li>porovn\u00e1n\u00ed shody normativu a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 praxe v doprav\u011b a pr\u016fmyslu s legislativou a jejich kritick\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">[21,40,78,81-83]<\/a>,<\/li><\/ul><p>induktivn\u00ed a deduktivn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[43,48,84]<\/a>.<\/p><p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f, a hlavn\u011b podle porovn\u00e1n\u00ed shody normativ\u016f a praxe lze konstatovat, \u017ee v\u00a0praxi\u00a0<strong><em>jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nedostatky<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p><p>Uveden\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce analyzovaly mnoho nedostatk\u016f a kritick\u00fdch m\u00edst dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, na kter\u00e1 ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpadech navrhuj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed procesn\u00ed i technick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><ol type=\"1\"><li>Nen\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zavedeno vrcholov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s proaktivn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem a p\u0159\u00edstupem k integr\u00e1ln\u00edmu riziku.<\/li><li>Chyb\u00ed mezioborov\u00e1 komunikace a vazba mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi vrstvami SMS.<\/li><li>Po\u017eadavky na bezpe\u010dnost nejsou \u0159e\u0161eny komplexn\u011b; nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt identifikov\u00e1na v\u0161echna prioritn\u00ed (tzn. v\u00fdznamn\u00e1) rizika.<\/li><li>Ve v\u0161ech vrstv\u00e1ch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti chyb\u00ed koncept All-Hazard-Approach.<\/li><li>Absence konceptu Defence-In-Depth pro kritick\u00e9 objekty.<\/li><li>P\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dnosti a zabezpe\u010den\u00ed je v \u010desk\u00e9 i evropsk\u00e9 legislativ\u011b pojat odd\u011blen\u011b a ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti, kter\u00e9 mohou ovlivnit bezpe\u010dnost.<\/li><li>Dr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed p\u0159edpisy a normy dostate\u010dn\u011b ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed dr\u00e1\u017en\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li><li>Neuva\u017euj\u00ed se vazby a toky za hranicemi syst\u00e9mu.<\/li><\/ol><p><strong><em>Z hlediska syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>byly identifikovan\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed zranitelnosti:<\/p><ol type=\"1\"><li>\u0160patn\u011b proveden\u00e1 procesn\u00ed anal\u00fdza, \u0161patn\u011b nastaven\u00e9 procesy a pracovn\u00ed instrukce nerespektuj\u00edc\u00ed modern\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/li><li>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 organizace, neflexibiln\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktura.<\/li><li>Neznalosti po\u017eadavk\u016f z vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstev SMS nebo jejich nepochopen\u00ed.<\/li><li>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 mezioborov\u00e1 komunikace, nejednotnost v terminologii.<\/li><li>Nedostate\u010dn\u00fd monitoring, matouc\u00ed informace o zdroj\u00edch rizik syst\u00e9mu sm\u011brem k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm vrstv\u00e1m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a naopak.<\/li><li>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 vazby mezi procesy a rolemi v projektu, vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti jednotliv\u00fdch rol\u00ed.<\/li><li>Nedostate\u010dnost kompetenc\u00ed v dan\u00e9 roli, nejasn\u00e1 definice rol\u00ed a jejich odpov\u011bdnosti, nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161kolen\u00ed a tr\u00e9nink.<\/li><\/ol><p><strong><em>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 legislativa<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0po\u017eaduje rozs\u00e1hlou mno\u017einu technick\u00fdch i organiza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fdch slabin syst\u00e9mu, zejm\u00e9na pokud se jedn\u00e1 o \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed provozu\u00a0<strong><em>za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek<\/em><\/strong>, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159i v\u00fdskytu zn\u00e1m\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch mimo\u0159\u00e1dnost\u00ed, tzn. dle p\u0159\u00edstupu Defence-In-Depth (odstavec 2.1.7) jde o zabezpe\u010den\u00fd provoz p\u0159i odchylk\u00e1ch nebo v abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Jestli\u017ee okoln\u00ed podm\u00ednky p\u0159es\u00e1hnou o\u010dek\u00e1vanou a zn\u00e1mou mez, nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<strong><em>p\u0159i kritick\u00fdch pohrom\u00e1ch<\/em><\/strong>, legislativn\u00ed po\u017eadavky, a t\u00edm i organiza\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti podnik\u016f\u00a0<strong><em>za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed selh\u00e1vat<\/em><\/strong>. Dal\u0161\u00edm aspektem vedouc\u00edm k selh\u00e1n\u00ed je tak\u00e9 m\u00edra vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed legislativy (tj. vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti).<\/p><p><strong><em>P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0na syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z pohledu kyber-fyzick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f d\u00e1le ukazuj\u00ed na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed fakta:<\/p><ol type=\"1\"><li>Prvky aktivn\u00ed a pasivn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti jsou implementov\u00e1ny pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b zku\u0161enost\u00ed, tj. nekoncep\u010dn\u011b, bez stanoven\u00ed stupnic kriti\u010dnost\u00ed aktiv a rizik, bez zohledn\u011bn\u00ed propojen\u00ed s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi okoln\u00edmi a nad\u0159azen\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my; z hlediska integr\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 o jasn\u00e9 zranitelnosti v oblasti bezpe\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu.<\/li><li>Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zajistit neomezenou dostupnost syst\u00e9mu kv\u016fli velk\u00e9mu po\u010dtu subjekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se na provozu pod\u00edlej\u00ed za r\u016fzn\u00fdch okoln\u00edch podm\u00ednek; nicm\u00e9n\u011b dostupnost syst\u00e9mu lze zlep\u0161it zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm informa\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu.<\/li><li>Vzhledem k rozhran\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch povah jsou v\u010dasnost a validita zpr\u00e1v o poruch\u00e1ch sm\u011brem k u\u017eivatel\u016fm zna\u010dn\u011b limitovan\u00e9 (syst\u00e9my maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na d\u016fv\u011brnost, dostupnost a integritu informac\u00ed, jin\u00e9 principy a opat\u0159en\u00ed).<\/li><li>Kontinuita provozu syst\u00e9mu je ovlivn\u011bna dostupnost\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1vis\u00ed tak\u00e9 na informa\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdkonu; ka\u017ed\u00fd subjekt zav\u00e1d\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu jist\u00e9 nejistoty a neur\u010ditosti, kter\u00e9 degraduj\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdkon, a proto je kontinuita syst\u00e9mu ve skute\u010dnosti z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na subjektu s nejhor\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou informa\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu.<\/li><li>P\u0159esnost syst\u00e9mu je v\u017edy m\u00e9n\u011b \u010di v\u00edce omezena rozsahem, kter\u00fd zu\u017eov\u00e1n n\u00edzk\u00fdm informa\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdkonem, hor\u0161\u00edm zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm informa\u010dn\u00edch aktiv a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9movou komplexitou (slo\u017eitost\u00ed).<\/li><\/ol><p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy p\u0159\u00ed\u010din a n\u00e1sledk\u016f \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch nehod byly analyzovan\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed probl\u00e9my:<\/p><ol type=\"1\"><li>Probl\u00e9my na rozhran\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk \u2013 stroj (HMI, angl. Human Machine Interface).<\/li><li>Probl\u00e9my na rozhran\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f kyber-fyzick\u00fdch.<\/li><li>Probl\u00e9my na rozhran\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f socio-technick\u00fdch.<\/li><li>Stanoven\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed, a to ne jenom mezi subjekty, ale tak\u00e9 mezi procesy syst\u00e9m\u016f, tj. technologick\u00fdch d\u011bl.<\/li><\/ol><p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, zranitelnosti a probl\u00e9my ukazuj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b na slo\u017eitost SoS, kter\u00e9 jsou charakteristick\u00e9 svoj\u00ed prov\u00e1zanosti, tj. interdependence. Interdependence dle znalost\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v Kapitole 2 jsou dle jejich povahy fyzick\u00e9, kybernetick\u00e9, m\u00edstn\u00ed a logick\u00e9<a href=\"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/veda-technika\/integralni-bezpecnost\/integral-safety-definice\/pouzita-literatura-pro-clanky-integralni-bezpecnost\/\">\u00a0[6]<\/a>\u00a0a za podm\u00ednek abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edch a kritick\u00fdch (nadprojektov\u00fdch) vedou ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m syst\u00e9mu, a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nepln\u00ed svoje funkce a ohro\u017euj\u00ed sebe a sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed.<\/p><p><strong><em>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed probl\u00e9my<\/em><\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b interaguj\u00ed, a je pot\u0159eba je na z\u00e1klad\u011b uveden\u00fdch anal\u00fdz v\u00a0r\u00e1mci SMS zva\u017eovat, jsou:<\/p><ul><li><strong><em>nehomogenity a anizotropie<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0syst\u00e9m\u016f a jejich prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 vedou k hysterez\u00edm,<\/li><li><strong><em>rozhran\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f a proces\u016f<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(HMI, kyber-fyzick\u00e9, socio-technick\u00e9, r\u016fzn\u00e9 kriti\u010dnosti, aj.) \u2013 r\u016fzn\u00e9 povahy rozhran\u00ed a jejich neur\u010ditost stav\u016f za jist\u00fdch podm\u00ednek vedou k selh\u00e1n\u00edm,<\/li><li><strong><em>kask\u00e1dov\u00e9 jevy<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 vedou k eskalaci a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm dopad\u016fm selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3. Data o provozu metra v Praze a jeho \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f Data o provozu metra \u2013 Pra\u017esk\u00e9 metro je velk\u00fd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[95,297,129,151,155],"class_list":["post-1558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-integralni-bezpecnost","tag-bezpecnost","tag-integralni-bezpecnost","tag-metro","tag-technologie","tag-ugtms"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1558"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1558\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3762,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1558\/revisions\/3762"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}