{"id":1463,"date":"2024-09-10T15:38:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T13:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/?p=1463"},"modified":"2025-06-04T18:27:47","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T16:27:47","slug":"fyzika-atmosfery-meteorologie-a-bezpecnost-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/fyzika-atmosfery-meteorologie-a-bezpecnost-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry, meteorologie a bezpe\u010dnost (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry, meteorologie a bezpe\u010dnost (2)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u010ctete pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry, meteorologie a bezpe\u010dnost (1)<\/a>. Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry popisuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm meteorologie, tj. v\u011bda o zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, jej\u00edm slo\u017een\u00ed, vlastnostech, jevech a d\u011bj\u00edch prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch v n\u00ed. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch poznatk\u016f a metod \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>

Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a><\/p>

NE\u010cAS, Tom\u00e1\u0161.\u00a0Fyzika v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e aneb z\u00e1klady meteorologie: Modul\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m dal\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pedagogick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f JmK v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a informatice CZ.1.07\/1.3.10\/02.0024<\/em>. Brno: P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakulta, Masarykova univerzita v Brn\u011b, 2011.\u00a0<\/p>

SK\u0158EHOT, Petr.\u00a0Atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 optick\u00e9 jevy.\u00a0<\/em>Meteorologick\u00e1 Optick\u00e1 Rada. [Online 3. 9. 2017]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: www.astronomie.cz\/download\/atmosfericke-opticke-jevy.pdf<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu jako fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch rys\u016f zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry je neust\u00e1l\u00fd pohyb a p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b velk\u00fdch objem\u016f vzduchu. Atmosf\u00e9ra m\u00e1 tendenci tyto rozd\u00edly vyrovn\u00e1vat a projevem toho je proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu. Orientace sm\u011bru proud\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uje v\u017edy z oblasti vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho do oblasti ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho tlaku vzduchu. Prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159enos hmotn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, ale i tepeln\u00e9 energie. Pod pojmem proud\u011bn\u00ed ch\u00e1peme neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd pohyb, i kdy\u017e v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat i s proud\u011bn\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdm<\/em>1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/a>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>

Lamin\u00e1rn\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 forma proud\u011bn\u00ed bez turbulentn\u00edch v\u00ed\u0159iv\u00fdch pohyb\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed se nad aerodynamicky hladk\u00fdm povrchem. Vzduchov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice se pohybuj\u00ed rovnob\u011b\u017en\u011b se sm\u011brem proud\u011bn\u00ed. Vyskytuje se jen v tenk\u00e9 vrstv\u011b nad tzv. aerodynamicky hladk\u00fdm povrchem. Je krajn\u011b ojedin\u011bl\u00e9, a nevznik\u00e1 p\u0159i proud\u011bn\u00ed nad povrchem aerodynamicky drsn\u00fdm (vegetace, zastav\u011bn\u00e1 plocha,\u2026)<\/em>.<\/p>

Katabatick\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 sestupn\u00fd klouzav\u00fd pohyb chladn\u00e9ho vzduchu, nap\u0159. Pod\u00e9l uklon\u011bn\u00e9ho georeli\u00e9fu<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

Anabatick\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 klouzav\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00e9l uklon\u011bn\u00e9ho georeli\u00e9fu. Anabatick\u00fd charakter m\u00e1 i v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed tepl\u00e9ho vzduchu na anafront\u00e1ch<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

Konvekce<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed nehomogenitou atmosf\u00e9ry. Nezbytn\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem pro rozvoj je p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed aktivn\u00edho povrchu spojen\u00e9 se vzr\u016fstem barick\u00e9ho stupn\u011b. Pokud se konvekce realizuje v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m prstenci jde o konvek\u010dn\u00ed bu\u0148ku. Ta charakterizuje uspo\u0159\u00e1danou konvekci. Rozli\u0161uje se konvekce termick\u00e1 (termick\u00e1 turbulence vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 ve sportovn\u00edm letectv\u00ed) a vynucen\u00e1 (mechanick\u00e1) \u2013 s p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00edm po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho impulsu proud\u011bn\u00ed orografickou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

Subsidence<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 pomal\u00e9 sestupn\u00e9, sesedav\u00e9 pohyby uvnit\u0159 vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty. Zp\u016fsobuje adiabatick\u00e9 oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchu a rozpou\u0161t\u00ed vzniklou obla\u010dnost<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

Turbulence<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, podstata v nepravideln\u00fdch a neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch v\u00edrov\u00fdch pohybech. D\u00e1le vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e1 \u010dlenitost a drsnost georeli\u00e9fu. Vyv\u00edj\u00ed se z lamin\u00e1rn\u00edho proud\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed kritick\u00e9 rychlosti. M\u00edra turbulence je d\u00e1na charakterem termick\u00e9ho rozvrstven\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. Turbulence je v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e spjata s n\u00e1razovitost\u00ed, v\u011btru, p\u016fsob\u00ed na prom\u00edch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchu a p\u0159enos tepla, vodn\u00edch par a l\u00e1tek zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

V\u00edry<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 vznikaj\u00ed mechanicky (drsnost reli\u00e9fu) = orografick\u00e1 turbulence nebo d\u016fsledek nestability teplotn\u00edho zvrstven\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry \u2013 termick\u00e9 = konvek\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ed bou\u0159kov\u00e1 turbulence<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

Advekce<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159enos ur\u010dit\u00e9ho objemu vzduchu proud\u011bn\u00edm v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny pohybu\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pohyb jsou s\u00edla horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho tlakov\u00e9ho gradientu, Coriolisova s\u00edla (zemskou rotac\u00ed, st\u00e1\u010den\u00ed hmot na S doprava a na J doleva \u2013\u00a0<\/em>viz obr\u00e1zek 39), s\u00edla t\u0159en\u00ed (proti sm\u011bru pohybu). \u201eV\u00edtr, kter\u00fd obsahuje p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eku pohybu vzduchu lze vyj\u00e1d\u0159it vektorem v a charakterizuje se sm\u011brem a rychlost\u00ed\u201c \u2013 vzorec viz\u00a0<\/em>zdroj2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/a>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skri<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>

Geostrofick\u00fd v\u00edtr<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed pohyb vzduchu, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed bez t\u0159en\u00ed. Postav\u00edme-li se z\u00e1dy proti v\u011btru, TN je nalevo vep\u0159edu, TV je napravo vzadu.<\/em><\/p>

Cyklony<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013f\u00e1ze \u2013 fronta, vlna, mlad\u00e1 cykl\u00f3na, okluze, odum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed cykl\u00f3na.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Rychlost v\u011btru<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed se v m.s\u00a0-1\u00a0<\/sup>, max. Mt. Washington 416 km\/h. V\u00edtr o rychlosti v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 m\/s je n\u00e1razovit\u00fd<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

Sm\u011br v\u011btru<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 severn\u00ed v\u00edtr je ze severu. Je-li zm\u011bna v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 45\u00b0 je to v\u00edtr prom\u011bnliv\u00fd<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>

Beaufortova stupnice<\/strong>\u00a013 stup\u0148\u016f<\/em>:<\/p>

0 \u2013 bezv\u011bt\u0159\u00ed 1 km\/h,<\/em><\/p>

1 \u2013 v\u00e1nek,<\/em><\/p>

2 a\u017e 8 \u2013 slab\u00fd v\u00edtr a\u017e bou\u0159liv\u00fd,<\/em><\/p>

9 a\u017e 11 \u2013 vich\u0159ice,<\/em><\/p>

12 \u2013 ork\u00e1n > 118 km\/h.<\/em><\/p>

Denn\u00ed chod rychlosti<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 max. je kolem 14.hod, min. je v noci, nebo r\u00e1no. Sm\u011br pro severn\u00ed polokouli \u2013 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed rychlosti r\u00e1no a st\u00e1\u010den\u00ed doprava, sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed po poledni a st\u00e1\u010den\u00ed doleva<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Syst\u00e9my cirkulace atmosf\u00e9ry<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Cirkulace atmosf\u00e9ry je v\u017edy doprov\u00e1zena p\u0159enosem energie, hybnosti a vody. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed druhy: Tryskov\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed, cirkulace vzduchu v cyklon\u00e1ln\u00edch a anticyklon\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, pas\u00e1tov\u00e1 a monzunov\u00e1 cirkulace. Mezoprostorov\u00e9 cirkulace \u2013 vich\u0159ice, smr\u0161t\u011b, br\u00edzy, horsk\u00e9 a \u00fadoln\u00ed v\u011btry<\/em>\u00a03<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skrip<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>

Cirkulaci dle zdroje4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/a>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed:<\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e1 energie Slunce<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 energie je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch podn\u011bt\u016f cirkulace.<\/em><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Rota\u010dn\u00ed pohyb Zem\u011b<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 v d\u016fsledku vzniku Coriolisovy s\u00edly, na rovn\u00edku=0, na p\u00f3lech nejv\u00edce.<\/em><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nehomogenita zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 ovliv\u0148uje teplotu vzduchu a v d\u016fsledku turbulentn\u00edho prom\u00edch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se projevuje v cel\u00e9 troposf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/em><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u0159en\u00ed vzduchu o zemsk\u00fd povrch<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 jde o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rychlosti a zm\u011bnu sm\u011bru, pouze do v\u00fd\u0161ek cca 1,5 km.<\/em><\/p>

Kdyby se Zem\u011b neto\u010dila a m\u011bla stejn\u00fd povrch, bylo by to ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u2013 tepl\u00fd vzduch z rovn\u00edk\u016f k p\u00f3l\u016fm \u2013 ochlazen\u00ed a zp\u011bt k rovn\u00edku. Kolem rovn\u00edku se tvo\u0159\u00ed tropick\u00e9 p\u00e1smo ti\u0161in = tropick\u00e1 z\u00f3na konvergence = NT, pas\u00e1tov\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed na severn\u00ed polokouli SV, na ji\u017en\u00ed JV. Tropick\u00e9 cyklony p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed poruchy v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e v n\u00edzk\u00fdch zem. \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch. Od netropick\u00fdch se li\u0161\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed velikost\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00fdmi hodnotami tlaku ve st\u0159edech a vysok\u00fdmi rychlostmi. Vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00edry o pr\u016fm\u011bru maxim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bkolik set km. Jejich pohyby kop\u00edruj\u00ed sm\u011br pas\u00e1t\u016f. Vznikaj\u00ed v\u017edy nad oce\u00e1nem a v oblasti ti\u0161in. Zdrojem je povrchov\u00e1 voda tropick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f s teplotou v\u00edce ne\u017e 26\u00b0C. Tropick\u00e9 cyklony podle m\u00edsta v\u00fdskytu \u2013 hurik\u00e1n nebo urag\u00e1n \u2013 st\u0159. Am., tajfun \u2013 D\u00e1ln\u00fd V, ork\u00e1n \u2013 J Indick\u00e9ho oc., cykl\u00f3n \u2013 Beng\u00e1lsk\u00fd z\u00e1l., Willy-Willies \u2013 mezi Austr\u00e1li\u00ed a Kokosov\u00fdmi ovy\u00a0<\/em>5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skrip<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>

3 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 cirkulace dle<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a>:<\/em><\/p>

1. Zon\u00e1ln\u00ed cirkulace\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 pod\u00e9l rovnob\u011b\u017eek, pro Z a st\u0159. E p\u0159\u00edliv tepl\u00e9ho a vlhk\u00e9ho vzduchu z Atlantiku v zim\u011b a chladn\u00e9ho vlhk\u00e9ho v l\u00e9t\u011b. Ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pro velk\u00fd ob\u011bh vody.<\/em><\/p>

2. Meridion\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 poledn\u00edk\u016f, studen\u00e9 C a tepl\u00e9 A, umo\u017e\u0148uje vp\u00e1d studen\u00e9ho vzduchu z Arktidy a tepl\u00e9ho ze subtrop\u016f do E.<\/em><\/p>

3. Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 ob\u011b.<\/em><\/p>

M\u00edstn\u00ed cirkula\u010dn\u00ed v\u011btry s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi: br\u00edzov\u00e9 v\u011btry, \u00fadoln\u00ed a horsk\u00e9 v\u011btry, ledovcov\u00fd v\u00edtr, f\u00e9n, b\u00f3ra, maloprostorov\u00e9 vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00edry \u2013 h\u00falava, tromby, torn\u00e1da, m\u011bstsk\u00fd v\u00edtr.<\/p>

Monzuny<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pevnin a oce\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>

El-Ni\u00f1o<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0tento jev je nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm projevem naru\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 cirkulace atmosf\u00e9ry. P\u0159eklad znamen\u00e1 \u201eJezul\u00e1tko\u201c to podle toho, \u017ee se pravideln\u011b vyskytuje v obdob\u00ed V\u00e1noc. Vznik\u00e1 po obdob\u00ed zes\u00edlen\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed pas\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 vede v rovn\u00edkov\u00fdch oblastech k p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho objemu mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody z\u00e1padn\u00edm sm\u011brem. Tedy ve sm\u011bru pravideln\u00fdch proud\u016f. Po zeslaben\u00ed pas\u00e1tov\u00e9ho proud\u011bn\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k proud\u011bn\u00ed nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 vody zp\u011bt. Projevuje se z\u00e1nikem studen\u00e9ho Peru\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho proudu pod\u00e9l z\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed J Am. U pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Peru, Ekv\u00e1doru a Kolumbie doch\u00e1z\u00ed k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty vody (1983 o 11\u00b0C)! a k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hladiny o n\u011bkolik cm. D\u016fsledky: P\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b, vliv na faunu i floru, \u00fahyn ryb v nedostatku potravy \u2013 dopad na m\u00edstn\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159e. El-Ni\u00f1o doprov\u00e1z\u00ed i zm\u011bny tlaku \u2013 ENSO \u2013 El-Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillations. Zm\u011bna v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 cirkulace atmosf\u00e9ry. Je prok\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee tato anom\u00e1lie m\u00e1 vliv i na jin\u00e9 jevy \u2013 sucha v rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 Africe, z\u00e1plavy v povod\u00ed Mississippi,\u2026 (obecn\u011b ohro\u017euje \u017eivot pt\u00e1k\u016f, kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 rifty, lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry, \u017eivot v mo\u0159i, pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed eroze, sucha, z\u00e1plavy a tropick\u00e9 bou\u0159e)<\/em>7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a>.<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

La Ni\u00f1a<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0syst\u00e9m proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu, zes\u00edlen\u00e9 pas\u00e1tov\u00e9 v\u011btry zintenziv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdstup studen\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vody, zes\u00edlen\u00ed studen\u00fdch mo\u0159. proud\u016f. > p\u0159enos studen\u00e9 vody z V \u010d\u00e1sti Pacifiku na Z, v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 teploty na Z Pacifiku. Jakoby opak El Nina<\/em>\u00a08<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skri<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vznik obla\u010dnosti a sr\u00e1\u017eek, optick\u00e9 jevy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159i kondenzaci vodn\u00edch par v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, vznikaj\u00ed z mikroskopick\u00fdch kondenza\u010dn\u00edch jader vodn\u00ed kapky, tyto mikroskopick\u00e9 kapky se shlukuj\u00ed do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch obla\u010dn\u00fdch kapek a ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f. P\u0159i nahromad\u011bn\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke vzniku oblak\u016f. Vodn\u00ed kapky se udr\u017euj\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce, d\u00edky vzestupn\u00fdm proud\u016fm v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. P\u0159i teplot\u011b do -4\u00b0C se tvo\u0159\u00ed oblaka jen s vodn\u00edmi kapkami, p\u0159i teplot\u011b pod -12\u00b0C \u2013 hladina ledov\u00fdch jader, v\u00fdhradn\u011b ledov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra. Vodn\u00ed obsah oblak ud\u00e1v\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed vody, kter\u00e9 se v nich nach\u00e1z\u00ed. 1 m 3 = 0,2-5,0 g<\/em>\u00a09<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skri<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Oblaka a jejich klasifikace, optick\u00e9 jevy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Obla\u010dnost je tvo\u0159ena kapi\u010dkami vody, kter\u00e9 vzniknou kondenzac\u00ed na jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dk\u00e1ch prachu ve vzduchu (tzv. kondenza\u010dn\u00edch j\u00e1drech), dle zdroje 10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

NE\u010cAS, Tom\u00e1\u0161. <\/span>Fyzika v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e aneb z\u00e1klady meteorologie: Modul\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m dal\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pedagogick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f JmK v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a informatice CZ.1.07\/1.3.10\/02.0024<\/em>. Brno: P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakulta, Masarykova univerzita v Brn\u011b, 2011.<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>

\u2013   vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra zkondenzuje v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dosa\u017een\u00ed rosn\u00e9ho bodu; to nastane v\u011bt\u0161inou tak, \u017ee vlhk\u00fd vzduch stoup\u00e1 a t\u00edm kles\u00e1 jeho tlak a teplota.<\/em><\/p>

\u2013   co zp\u016fsob\u00ed stoup\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchu? (viz obr\u00e1zek)<\/p>

    \u2022 je oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n od proh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9ho povrchu Zem\u011b (termick\u00e1 konvekce),<\/em><\/p>

    \u2022 naraz\u00ed na p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku \u2013 hory,<\/em><\/p>

    \u2022 naraz\u00ed na jinou vzduchovou hmotu \u2013 tepl\u00e1 a studen\u00e1 fronta.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Obla\u010dnost tepl\u00e9 fronty<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Teplej\u0161\u00ed vzduch pomalu pronik\u00e1 do oblasti vzduchu studen\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a mus\u00ed stoupat; vznik\u00e1 vrstevnat\u00e1 obla\u010dnost, spojen\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou se souvisl\u00fdm sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdm p\u00e1smem.<\/em><\/p>

Obla\u010dnost studen\u00e9 fronty<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0\u2013 Studen\u00fd vzduch pronik\u00e1 rychle do oblasti vzduchu tepl\u00e9ho a vytla\u010duje jej vzh\u016fru.; vznik\u00e1 kupovit\u00e1 obla\u010dnost, \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zena bou\u0159kou, sr\u00e1\u017eky jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou prudk\u00e9 a krat\u0161\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed klasifikace obla\u010dnosti<\/u><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 latinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy a d\u011bl\u00ed oblaka do 3 hlavn\u00edch skupin\u00a011<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/a>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a><\/sup>:\u00a0<\/p>

Cirrus (\u0159asa), Stratus (sloha) a Cumulus (kupa)<\/strong>.<\/p>

Z nich bylo odvozeno 10 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch druh\u016f, k p\u0159esn\u00e9mu ur\u010den\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed atlas oblak\u016f12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/a>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>

Cirrus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Ci) \u2013 \u0159asa, z ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f, tenk\u00e9 nitky nebo vl\u00e1kna, rovn\u00e9, nepravideln\u011b zk\u0159iven\u00e9 a propojen\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cirrocumulus\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(Cc) \u2013 \u0159asov\u00e1 kupa, tenk\u00e9 velk\u00e9 skupiny b\u00edl\u00fdch mrak\u016f, ber\u00e1nky, bez st\u00edn\u016f,<\/p>

Cirrostratus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Cs) \u2013 \u0159asov\u00e1 sloha, pr\u016fsvitn\u00fd z\u00e1voj oblak\u016f, vl\u00e1knit\u00e9ho nebo hladk\u00e9ho vzhledu, pokryt\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 nebo jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 \u2013 halov\u00e9 jevy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Altocumulus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(As) \u2013 vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 kupa, b\u00edl\u00e9 a \u0161ed\u00e9 mraky se st\u00edny, skupiny nebo vrstvy, p\u0159edstava vln a valoun\u016f, viz obr\u00e1zek 43 \u2013 orografick\u00e1 obla\u010dnost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Altostratus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Ac) \u2013 vysok\u00e1 sloha, \u0161edav\u00e1 a\u017e modrav\u00e1 plocha, vl\u00e1knit\u00e1 a\u017e \u017eebrovit\u00e1 struktura, pokryt\u00ed pln\u00e9 nebo \u010d\u00e1st, tenk\u00e9, ale bez halov\u00fdch jev\u016f,<\/p>

Nimbostratus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Ns) \u2013 de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 sloha, \u0161ed\u00e1 a\u017e tmav\u00e1 obla\u010dnost, matn\u00fd vzhled vlivem vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch a sn\u011bhov\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek, siln\u00e1 vrstva, Slunce neprojde,<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Startocumulus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Sc) \u2013 slohov\u00e1 kupa, \u0161ed\u00e9 a\u017e b\u011blav\u00e9 skupiny mrak\u016f, maj\u00ed tmav\u00e1 m\u00edsta,<\/p>

Stratus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(St) \u2013 sloha, \u0161ed\u00e9, jednotv\u00e1rn\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna, mrholen\u00ed, ledov\u00e9 jehli\u010dky a zrna,<\/p>

Cumulus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Cu) \u2013 kupa, osamocen\u00e9 oblaky, hust\u00e9 s dob\u0159e ohrani\u010den\u00fdmi obrysy, v\u00fdvoj nahoru do v\u011b\u017e\u00ed a kup, horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st kv\u011bt\u00e1k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Cumulonimbus<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(Cb) \u2013 bou\u0159kov\u00fd mrak, mohutn\u00fd a hust\u00fd, horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st jako kovadlina zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e1, vydatn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky a tmav\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Dal\u0161\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed dle\u00a0<\/i><\/u>zdroje13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/a>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a><\/sup>:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

Vysok\u00e1 oblaka<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Ci, Cc, Cs \u2013 z\u00e1kladna h = 5-13 km, z ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f, b\u00edl\u00e9 a pr\u016fsvitn\u00e9.<\/p>

St\u0159edn\u00ed oblaka<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 As, Ac \u2013 h = 2-7 km<\/p>

N\u00edzk\u00e1 oblaka<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Ns, St, Cu, Sc \u2013 \u0161ed\u00e9 a sr\u00e1\u017eky, do 2 km<\/p>

Oblaka s vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdvojem<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Cu,Cb \u2013 bou\u0159kov\u00e9 mraky, krupobyt\u00ed.<\/p>

Oblaka z konvekce<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 vznikaj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 vzduchov\u00fdch hmot, nebo na front\u011b. V siln\u011b nestabiln\u00edch vzduchov\u00fdch hmot\u00e1ch.<\/p>

Vlnov\u00e1 oblaka<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Sc, Ac<\/p>

Oblaka z v\u00fdstupn\u00fdch pohyb\u016f, oblaka z vyza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>

Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed<\/strong>: perle\u0165ov\u00e1 oblaka (p\u0159echlazen\u00e9 kapi\u010dky), no\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00edt\u00edc\u00ed oblaka (kosmick\u00fd prach), kondenza\u010dn\u00ed pruhy (letadla), oblaka z po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, sope\u010dn\u00e1 oblaka.<\/p>

Obla\u010dnost zp\u016fsobuje ochlazen\u00ed povrchu Zem\u011b \u2013 nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 se k povrchu tolik z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Obla\u010dnost v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje klima. Synoptick\u00e1 meteorologie \u2013 osminy, klimatologie desetiny<\/em>14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skrip<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

Optick\u00e9 jevy v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e \u2013 fotometeory dle<\/u><\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>

Halov\u00e9 jevy\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u2013\u00a0odraz a lom slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla na ledov\u00fdch krystalc\u00edch rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch ve vzduchu. Jsou to sv\u011btl\u00e9, b\u011blav\u00e9, slab\u011b duhov\u00e9 pruhy, oblouky nebo kola na obloze. Rozli\u0161uje se mal\u00e9 halo (velice \u010dast\u00e9) a velk\u00e9 halo (m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9) st\u0159edem je v\u017edy Slunce. Velice \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdm je i vedlej\u0161\u00ed Slunce \u2013 1\/rok, d\u00e1le pak halov\u00fd sloup, cirkumzenit\u00e1ln\u00ed oblouk, protislunce<\/em>\u00a015<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skrip<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

Gloriola a korona<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0tenk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch oblac\u00edch pozorujeme p\u0159ed slune\u010dn\u00edm i m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm kotou\u010dem tzv. mal\u00e9 kruhy (v\u011bnce) = korona. Korona je d\u016fsledkem ohybu sv\u011btla na \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch oblak\u016f Ac, Cc, Cs. Tyto kruhy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed namodral\u00e9 a\u017e na\u010dervenal\u00e9. Ob\u010das se jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 aureola<\/em>\u00a016<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skri<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

Barevn\u00e9 kruhy kolem st\u00edn\u016f p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f na oblac\u00edch se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0gloriola<\/em><\/strong>\u00a017<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a>..<\/span><\/p>

Duha<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0asi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed optick\u00fd \u00fakaz \u2013 lom sv\u011btla p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu paprsku vrstvami vzduchu s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm kapi\u010dek vody. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed strana je fialov\u00e1, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je \u010derven\u00e1<\/em>\u00a018<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>

Soumrakov\u00e9 jevy \u2013 p<\/em><\/strong>o z\u00e1padu Slunce nebo p\u0159ed jeho v\u00fdchodem je \u010d\u00e1st oblohy osv\u011btlov\u00e1na rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm slune\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btlem, pokud tomu ov\u0161em nebr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 pokryt\u00ed oblohy hust\u00fdmi oblaky. P\u0159i tom lze pozorovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 optick\u00e9 \u00fakazy, na jejich\u017e vzniku se spole\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed lom, rozptyl a absorpce slune\u010dn\u00edch paprsk\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e\u00a0<\/em>19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

NE\u010cAS, Tom\u00e1\u0161.\u00a0<\/span>Fyzika v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e aneb z\u00e1klady meteorologie: Modul\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m dal\u0161\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pedagogick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f JmK v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd\u00e1ch a informatice CZ.1.07\/1.3.10\/02.0024<\/em>. Brno: P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e1 fakulta, Masarykova univerzita v Brn\u011b, 2011.<\/span>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

fialov\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0159e, zelen\u00fd paprsek, zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edho nebo m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho disku, ostatn\u00ed<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>

Optick\u00e9 jevy v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e \u2013 ostatn\u00ed dle zdroje\u00a0<\/u><\/em><\/strong>20<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

SK\u0158EHOT, Petr. Atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 optick\u00e9 jevy. Meteorologick\u00e1 Optick\u00e1 Rada. [Online 3. 9. 2017]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: www.astronomie.cz\/download\/atmosfericke-opticke-jevy.pdf<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>

Blesky \u2013\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u010d\u00e1rov\u00fd, rozv\u011btven\u00fd, kulov\u00fd nebo plo\u0161n\u00fd blesk \u2013 Blesky jsou v\u00fdboje atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i bou\u0159k\u00e1ch, je\u017e spolu s h\u0159m\u011bn\u00edm prov\u00e1zej\u00ed. Bou\u0159ky rozli\u0161ujeme podle vzniku na bou\u0159ky front\u00e1ln\u00ed a m\u00edstn\u00ed \u2013 vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed tzv. z tepla<\/em>.\u00a0V\u00fdboje atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny mohou prob\u00edhat uvnit\u0159 bou\u0159kov\u00fdch oblak\u016f nebo mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi oblaky navz\u00e1jem, anebo mezi oblakem a zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pln\u00ed formu kladn\u011b nabit\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1toru. Ve v\u0161ech t\u0159ech p\u0159\u00edpadech doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fdboji mezi r\u016fzn\u011b nabit \u00fdmi oblastmi formou rychle prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho blesku<\/em>.<\/p>

Eli\u00e1\u0161\u016fv ohe\u0148<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0p\u0159i bou\u0159k\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee na hrotech a vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech doch\u00e1zet k naakumulov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1boje a k v\u00fdboj\u016fm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny. Siln\u00e9 hrotov\u00e9 v\u00fdboje jsou prov\u00e1zeny i zvukov\u00fdmi efekty (prask\u00e1n\u00edm) a n\u011bkdy dob\u0159e patrn\u00fdmi zrakov\u00fdmi vjemy spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi v jisk\u0159en\u00ed a sr\u0161en\u00ed<\/em>.<\/p>

Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 maj\u00ed paprs\u010ditou nebo nepaprs\u010ditou strukturu. V\u00a0prv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jde zpravidla o rychle se pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 jevy ve tvaru barevn\u00fdch paprsk\u016f, z\u00e1v\u011bs\u016f, drap\u00e9ri\u00ed apod. Druh\u00fd typ b\u00fdv\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n v podob\u011b nepohybliv\u00fdch nebo jen m\u00e1lo pohybliv\u00fdch oblouk\u016f, pop\u0159. pouze dif\u00fazn\u00edho sv\u011btla<\/em>.\u00a0Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed v oblastech kolem zemsk\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch p\u00f3l\u016f, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010detnost jejich v\u00fdskytu b\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b pod\u00e9l kru\u017enice veden\u00e9 po zemsk\u00e9m gl\u00f3bu v \u00fahlov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti cca 20 \u2013 25\u00b0 od zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u00f3l\u016f\u00a0<\/em>[19].\u00a0Pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed interakc\u00ed elektricky nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic s molekulami siln\u011b z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho vzduchu, tedy ve v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch od 80 do 1000 km nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchem<\/em>.<\/p>

Tyndall\u016fv jev<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0je zalo\u017een na dif\u00fazn\u00edm rozptylu sv\u011btla proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm opticky heterogenn\u00ed soustavou, projevuj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u00edm, \u017ee dr\u00e1ha paprsku proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho dispers\u00ed pozorovan\u00e1 kolmo k jeho sm\u011bru, je viditeln\u00e1. Z b\u00edl\u00e9ho sv\u011btla se rozptyluj\u00ed nejv\u00edce z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed o krat\u0161\u00ed vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lk\u00e1ch a rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 sv\u011btlo pak nese modrob\u00edl\u00fd n\u00e1dech<\/em>.<\/p>

Bishop\u016fv kruh<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\u010dervenohn\u011bd\u00fd prstenec kolem Slunce, jeho\u017e vnit\u0159n\u00ed okraj m\u00e1 rozm\u011bry kolem 10\u00b0 a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kolem 20\u00b0. P\u0159i sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky Slunce nad obzorem se oba polom\u011bry zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00ed. Vznik\u00e1 ohybem sv\u011btla na pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch, obvykle vulkanick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu<\/em>.<\/p>

Meteory<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed jasn\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 \u00fase\u010dky. Jeho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je mal\u00e9 t\u011bl\u00edsko o velikosti obvykle \u0159\u00e1du mikrometr\u016f a\u017e milimetr\u016f ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed po eliptick\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze kolem Slunce rychlost\u00ed v \u0159\u00e1dech kilometr\u016f za sekundu. Dojde-li k n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu setk\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bl\u00edska se Zem\u00ed, vnik\u00e1 toto t\u011bl\u00edsko do na\u0161eho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a sv\u00fdm pr\u016fletem atmosf\u00e9rou se siln\u011b zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a bud\u00ed okoln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice vzduchu k z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159i pr\u016fletu atmosf\u00e9rou doch\u00e1z\u00ed na stran\u011b t\u011bl\u00edska k roztavov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchov\u00fdch vrstev pop\u0159. i cel\u00e9ho t\u011blesa vlivem t\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bl\u00edska o molekuly vzduchu<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky jsou \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 vznikly v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e kondenzac\u00ed vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry a kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, na zemsk\u00e9m povrchu, nebo na p\u0159edm\u011btech v kapaln\u00e9m, nebo pevn\u00e9m skupenstv\u00ed <\/em>21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Klima skripta. <\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em> [online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: <\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skrip<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky<\/u><\/em><\/strong> jsou ty, kter\u00e9 padaj\u00ed z oblak\u016f. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formy jsou d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 a sn\u00edh. Sr\u00e1\u017eky trval\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu vypad\u00e1vaj\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji z oblak\u016f v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho klouz\u00e1n\u00ed Ns, As. Bou\u0159kov\u00e9 mraky Cb p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed obvykle jen sr\u00e1\u017eky p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148kov\u00e9. Krom\u011b trval\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek pozorujeme tak\u00e9 mrholen\u00ed \u2013 typick\u00e9 pro tepl\u00e9 a stabiln\u00ed vzduchov\u00e9 hmoty a oblaka St, Sc<\/em>. Vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky dle zdroje22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta. <\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em> [online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: <\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skripta.pdf<\/a>.<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e9\u0161\u0165<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 vodn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky, v podob\u011b kapek, pr\u016fm\u011br od 0,5 do 7,0 mm, o de\u0161ti hovo\u0159\u00edme, i kdy\u017e kapky jsou men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,5 mm, ale vypad\u00e1vaj\u00ed hust\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mrholen\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 drobn\u00e9 kapky o pr\u016fm\u011bru do 0,5 mm, ale nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou intenzitu, abychom je pova\u017eovali za d\u00e9\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n

Sn\u00edh<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 tuh\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f, nebo jejich shluk\u016f rozli\u010dn\u00fdch tvar\u016f. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm tvarem je \u0161estic\u00edp\u00e1 desti\u010dka \u2013 vlo\u010dka. P\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch jsou to chom\u00e1\u010de, p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch pod -5\u00b0C jsou to men\u0161\u00ed vlo\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Sn\u011bhov\u00e9 krupky<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 tuh\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, slo\u017een\u00e9 z b\u00edl\u00fdch nepr\u016fhledn\u00fdch ledov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, padaj\u00ed za p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bk kolem bodu mrazu, pr\u016fm\u011br 2-5 mm, p\u0159i dopadu se t\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sn\u011bhov\u00e1 zrna<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 tuh\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, jsou z ledu a jsou men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sn\u011bhov\u00e9 krupky, men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 mm. P\u0159i dopadu se net\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed. P\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch pod bodem mrazu a p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed mrholen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1mrazov\u00e9 krupky <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 sn\u011bhov\u00e1 zrna obalen\u00e1 vrstvou ledu, pr\u016fm\u011br cca 5 mm, p\u0159i teplot\u011b kolem bodu mrazu, doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, odskakuj\u00ed a t\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed se.<\/p>\n

Zmrzl\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 padaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fhledn\u00e1, polopr\u016fhledn\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 zrna o pr\u016fm\u011bru 5 mm, vznikaj\u00ed zmrznut\u00edm de\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch kapek, n\u011bkdy maj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 vodu.<\/p>\n

Kroupy<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 kuli\u010dky, kusy, nebo \u00falomky ledu 5-50 mm, o v\u00e1ze a\u017e 0,5 kg.<\/p>\n

Ledov\u00e9 jehli\u010dky<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 jednoduch\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 krystalky ve tvaru jehlic, vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed se, nebo padaj\u00edc\u00ed velice pomalu. Typick\u00e9 pro pol\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti, u n\u00e1s jen p\u0159i siln\u00fdch mrazech.<\/p>\n

Sr\u00e1\u017eky usazen\u00e9 (horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 pokud proces kondenzace prob\u011bhl na zemsk\u00e9m povrchu, nebo na p\u0159edm\u011btech na n\u011bm (budovy, stromy, el. Veden\u00ed,\u2026):<\/p>\n

Rosa<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 usazenina vody ve form\u011b mal\u00fdch kapi\u010dek, na zemsk\u00e9m povrchu, rostlin\u00e1ch, nebo r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech. Vznik souvis\u00ed s radia\u010dn\u00edm ochlazov\u00e1n\u00edm, kdy teplota klesne pod teplotu rosn\u00e9ho bodu. Nej\u010dast\u011bji ve\u010der nebo v noci v tepl\u00e9m p\u016flroce. V extr\u00e9mech 10-30 mm ro\u010dn\u011b. U kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edho podneb\u00ed je to dopln\u011bk sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9ho \u00fahrnu.<\/p>\n

Zmrzl\u00e1 rosa<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 zmrzl\u00e9 kapky rosy.<\/p>\n

J\u00edn\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 krystalick\u00e1 usazen\u00ed podobn\u00e1 rose, ale v\u017edy pod bodem mrazu, ledov\u00e9 \u0161upinky a jehli\u010dky s jemnou strukturou, na tr\u00e1v\u011b a vodorovn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch, ne v\u0161ak na stromech a dr\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

Jinovatka<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 jemn\u00e9 jehli\u010dky, trsy s jasnou krystalickou strukturou, usazuje se p\u0159i siln\u00fdch mrazech na stromech a el. veden\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ovlhnut\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 vodn\u00ed kapky na n\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1mraza<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 b\u00edl\u00e1 pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 zrnit\u00e1 usazenina slo\u017een\u00e1 ze sn\u011bhob\u00edl\u00fdch trs\u016f na n\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00e9 stran\u011b p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Vznik\u00e1 za mlhy p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch od -2 do -10\u00b0C na zemi, p\u0159edm\u011btech, stromech, el.veden\u00ed, letadlech za letu.<\/p>\n

Ledovka<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 souvisl\u00e1 pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 usazenina ledu, zmrzl\u00e9 kapi\u010dky p\u0159i de\u0161ti, \u010di mrholen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1led\u00ed a zmrazky<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 zmrznut\u00ed kapi\u010dek a\u017e po jejich dopadnut\u00ed na zem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Inverze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Inverze<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0term\u00edn ozna\u010duje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed nenorm\u00e1ln\u00ed vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed teploty vzduchu. V ur\u010dit\u00e9 vrstv\u011b \u201einverzn\u00ed\u201c se teplota vzduchu s rostouc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou zvy\u0161uje. V\u011bt\u0161inou zasahuje nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mocn\u00e9 vrstvy troposf\u00e9ry. Jsou charakterizov\u00e1ny v\u00fd\u0161kou (p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed a v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9), ve kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed, mocnost\u00ed (horn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed hranice inverze), rozd\u00edlem teplot a teplotn\u00edm gradientem. Pokud se inverze vyskytuje v n\u011bkolika vrstv\u00e1ch nad sebou \u2013 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 inverze. Podle p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku d\u011bl\u00edme: advek\u010dn\u00ed, front\u00e1ln\u00ed, radia\u010dn\u00ed, subsiden\u010dn\u00ed, turbulentn\u00ed a pas\u00e1tov\u00e9<\/em>23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>

Klima skripta.\u00a0<\/span>Gis\u00e1ci na UPOL: GIS GEOINFORMATIKA A ROMANTIKA<\/em>\u00a0[online]. Olomouc: MarijaStudio, 2007 [cit. 2017-09-03]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.gisaci.upol.cz\/filesftp\/Klima_skrip<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry, meteorologie a bezpe\u010dnost (2) \u010ctete pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry, meteorologie a bezpe\u010dnost (1). Fyzika atmosf\u00e9ry popisuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm meteorologie, tj. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[184],"tags":[93,95,105,125],"class_list":["post-1463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fyzika-a-bezpecnost","tag-atmosfera","tag-bezpecnost","tag-fyzika","tag-meteorologie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1463"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3756,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1463\/revisions\/3756"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.kint.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}